Controlo químico de bebidas adulteradas em crimes facilitados com drogas
Resumen
Embora os fármacos sejam desenvolvidos com fins terapêuticos, às vezes algumas substâncias são uti- lizadas com objetivos diferentes daqueles que o farmacologista teve em mente. A palavra fármaco também contempla substâncias psicoativas que podem usar-se com objetivos medicinais ou não-medicinais nos quais são incluídas substâncias legais e ilegais (comummente designadas por “drogas”). O uso de algumas substâncias com intenções não terapêuticas tornou-se um problema de saúde pública crescente, muito importante do ponto de vista de estudos toxicológicos. Quando supostas vítimas informam que foram roubadas ou assaltadas enquanto incapacitadas por uma droga, a análise química toxicológica é imperativa para ajudar a fundamentar a denúncia da vítima. Este tipo de ofensas criminais denomina-se por crimes facilitados por drogas.
O ramo da ciência dedicado a estudos de toxicologia envolve a toxicologia forense e analítica, que são interdisciplinares e que compreendem todos os factos científicos relacionados com crimes facilitados por drogas. Normalmente, os casos de crimes facilitados por drogas implicam substâncias com fortes efeitos depressores do sistema nervoso central, e que são usadas para transformar as pessoas em vítimas fáceis de roubos ou assaltos sexuais. Dado que novas drogas são continuamente sintetizadas e, também surgem novos métodos para drogar vítimas sem o seu consentimento ou conhecimento, é imperativo desenvolver novas metodologias de análise química e toxicológica, para auxiliar na investigação científica de todos os factos dos crimes cometidos com drogas, ou ainda possibilitar a implementação de medidas de prevenção. Por exem- plo, um modo de drogar vítimas sem o seu conhecimento é através da colocação disfarçada de drogas em bebidas, nos locais de diversão social, em festas, em “raves”, etc.. Nestes casos, as bebidas adulteradas são as “armas do crime”.
Neste artigo, será abordado o enquadramento de crimes facilitados por drogas nas ciências de análise química toxicológica e também, será realizada uma revisão bibliográfica das metodologias analíticas disponíveis para o controlo químico toxicológico de bebidas adulteradas com drogas de abuso.
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