Real-world data study of onco-hematological patients undergoing anticancer therapy who are using dietary supplements, natural products, or herbal teas at ULSM

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite therapeutic advances, treatment-related adverse effects often lead patients to use dietary supplements, natural products, and herbal teas. However, their concomitant use with anticancer therapy raises concerns regarding safety, efficacy, and potential interactions. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted including onco-hematological patients followed in the Oncology and Hematology departments at ULSM. Data collection took place over two months using a structured questionnaire administered at the Oncology Outpatient Pharmacy and Day Hospital. Sociodemographic, clinical, and consumption variables were collected, and potential interactions were assessed using pharmacological support tools. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed. Results: A total of 58 patients were included, predominantly female (72%) and from Oncology (86.2%). Breast cancer was the most frequent diagnosis (53.4%). Overall, 86.2% of participants reported using supplements or natural products, mainly herbal teas (74%), particularly chamomile and lemon balm. Most patients initiated consumption on their own (n=30), while only a few followed medical advice (n=5). Relevant interactions were identified, namely with St. John’s wort, leading to pharmacist intervention. Discussion: The high prevalence of use reflects patients’ need for symptom relief and improved quality of life. However, the lack of clinical supervision increases the risk of interactions, particularly through cytochrome P450 modulation. These findings highlight the importance of actively identifying such use and educating patients, emphasizing the role of the pharmacist within the multidisciplinary team. Conclusion: This real-world study demonstrates a high prevalence of natural product use among cancer patients, often without clinical guidance. Integrating its assessment into routine clinical practice is essential to ensure treatment safety and efficacy. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
Keywords: cancer, dietary supplements, efficacy, drug interactions, pharmacist.