Endocitose e tráfego intracelular de nanomateriais
Resumo
Os avanços recentes da nanotecnologia têm aumentado a utilização de nanomateriais e nanodispositivos para diagnose, terapias e outros fins tecnológicos. O conhecimento da interação entre nanomateriais e meios biológicos permite a descoberta de aplicações mais racionais, podendo ajudar a entender e antever seus efeitos adversos e citotóxicos. A endocitose é um processo biológico dependente de energia que está envolvida na internalização de nanopartículas pelas células, e depende de eventos orquestrados que requerem o funcionamento coordenado dos lipídios e proteínas da membrana plasmática. Estudos que visam investigar em detalhes a endocitose e o tráfego intracelular de nanopartículas são indispensáveis para compreensão de mecanismos celulares ainda inexplorados e permitem projetar novas funções, que consequentemente auxiliam na escolha de aplicações biomédicas da nanotecnologia. Nesse contexto, esta revisão visa conceituar as principais vias de endocitose utilizadas no estudo da internalização de nanomateriais em células eucarióticas. Além disso, alguns destinos intracelulares de nanomateriais serão discutidos para auxiliar nos estudos do processamento celular de nanopartículas e desenvolvimento de novas ferramentas terapêuticas.
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