Uso de antibióticos em aquacultura e resistência bacteriana: impacto em saúde pública
Resumo
Os antibióticos têm sido utilizados em produção animal, incluindo aquacultura, para prevenção e tratamento de doenças infecciosas. A sua administração tem impacto sobre o ambiente e pode conduzir ao aparecimento de resistência antimicrobiana, tanto em bactérias comensais do intestino humano e animal, como em bactérias do meio ambiente, com a possível disseminação de genes de resistência entre diversas populações bacterianas. A capacidade de transferência horizontal de genes de resistência aos antimicrobianos de bactérias ambientais aquáticas, como Aeromonas salmonicida, para bactérias, como Escherichia coli, tem sido documentada. A transmissão do animal para o homem pode ocorrer por vários meios, incluindo contacto directo com animais e fezes, bem como ingestão de alimentos e água.
O uso excessivo e não controlado de antimicrobianos em animais tem consequências na saúde pública, tendo transformado a resistência aos antimicrobianos num preocupante problema global. As mudanças no sistema de produção podem aumentar a importância da difusão de resistências no meio ambiente, se a produção se tornar mais integrada ou mais intensiva em áreas geográficas de menores dimensões.
Assim, no presente trabalho realça-se a importância da monitorização contínua da administração de antibióticos em aquacultura.Referências
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