Imunoterapia anti-tumoral com células dendríticas
Resumo
As células dendríticas (DCs) são células apresentadoras de antigénio dotadas de uma extraordinária capacidade de estimular e regular a resposta dos linfócitos T. Devido à sua capacidade imunomoduladora e ao reduzido número de DCs ativadas capazes de gerar uma eficiente resposta imunológica, as DCs têm sido muito utilizadas em ensaios clínicos com o intuito de obter ou amplificar uma resposta imune anti-tumoral. Apesar de estudos clínicos evidenciarem que as vacinas de DCs são seguras e induzem uma resposta imunológica na maioria dos doentes, o número de casos com remissões completas do tumor ainda é pequeno. Para aumentar a eficácia clínica é necessário melhorar e criar novas estratégias que incluam a amplificação da imunidade adaptativa anti-tumoral e o bloqueio da proliferação de linfócitos T reguladores e do micro-ambiente imunossupressor. A combinação de vacinas de DCs com os protocolos convencionais de quimio e radioterapia promovem a ativação de DCs, a apresentação cruzada de antigénios e a eliminação seletiva de células imunossupressoras, revertendo o estado de imunossupressão inerente ao tumor. Assim, esta associação de quimioimunoterapia poderá explorar positivamente a capacidade das DCs na obtenção de uma resposta imunológica mais eficaz.
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